Essential Verbs of Change — Downward Movement
📘 Summary Table — Rare Earths & Where Europe Has Them
(Übersichtstabelle – Seltene Erden und ihre Vorkommen in Europa)
| Rare Earth (REE)(Seltenes Element) | Used in Heat Pumps for…(Verwendung in Wärmepumpen für…) | Main European Sources(Wichtige europäische Quellen) | Status(Status) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neodymium (Nd)(Neodym) | Motors, compressors(Motoren, Kompressoren) | Sweden (Kiruna), Norway (Fen), Finland (Sokli)(Schweden, Norwegen, Finnland) | Good potential(Gutes Potenzial) |
| Praseodymium (Pr)(Praseodym) | Motors(Motoren) | Same regions as Nd(Gleiche Regionen wie Nd) | Good potential(Gutes Potenzial) |
| Dysprosium (Dy)(Dysprosium) | High-temperature magnets(Hitzebeständige Magnete) | Sweden (Norra Kärr), Greenland(Schweden, Grönland) | Limited but present(Begrenzt, aber vorhanden) |
| Terbium (Tb)(Terbium) | Magnetic stability, sensors(Magnetische Stabilität, Sensoren) | Sweden (Norra Kärr), Greenland(Schweden, Grönland) | Limited(Begrenzt) |
| Gadolinium (Gd)(Gadolinium) | Magnetocaloric materials(Magnetokalorische Materialien) | Sweden (Kiruna)(Schweden) | Trace amounts(Spurenmengen) |
| Samarium (Sm)(Samarium) | High-temp magnets(Hochtemperatur-Magnete) | Norway / Finland(Norwegen / Finnland) | Moderate(Mittelmäßig) |
| Yttrium (Y)(Yttrium) | Electronics, coatings(Elektronik, Beschichtungen) | Sweden, Greece, Iberia(Schweden, Griechenland, Iberische Halbinsel) | Trace(Spuren) |
| Cerium (Ce)(Cerium) | Catalysts, glass polishing(Katalysatoren, Glaspolitur) | Common across Europe(Weit verbreitet in Europa) | Abundant(Reichlich vorhanden) |
| Lanthanum (La)(Lanthan) | Electronics, circuits(Elektronik, Schaltkreise) | Common across Europe(Weit verbreitet in Europa) | Abundant(Reichlich vorhanden) |
| Scandium (Sc)(Scandium) | Power electronics(Leistungselektronik) | Finland, Ukraine(Finnland, Ukraine) | Small, high-value(Gering, aber wertvoll) |
| Holmium, Erbium, Ytterbium (Ho, Er, Yb)(Holmium, Erbium, Ytterbium) | Sensors, optics(Sensoren, Optik) | Sweden (Norra Kärr)(Schweden) | Rare, research scale(Selten, Forschungsebene) |
Words to Describe Graphs – Downward Movement
1. After the scandal, the company’s share price ______.
plummeted
a) plummeted (fell extremely fast)
b) increased (went up)
(The price fell extremely fast.)
2. When the crisis hit, the market suddenly ______.
crashed
a) rose
b) crashed (collapsed completely)
(The market collapsed completely.)
3. After the key supplier failed, production ______.
collapsed
a) collapsed (fell apart completely)
b) doubled
(Production fell apart completely.)
4. Last month, our profits ______.
dropped sharply
a) dropped sharply (fell fast and a lot)
b) surged
(Profits fell fast and a lot.)
5. After the announcement, the share price ______.
nosedived
a) nosedived (fell extremely quickly)
b) climbed
(The share price fell extremely quickly.)
6. Confidence in the project ______ after repeated delays.
sank
a) sank (went down to a very low level)
b) soared
(Confidence went down to a very low level.)
7. Orders ______ last September.
fell
a) fell (went down)
b) rose
(Orders went down.)
8. Membership numbers ______ slowly over the past year.
declined
a) declined (went down steadily)
b) grew
(Membership went down steadily.)
9. Output ______ due to staff shortages.
decreased
a) decreased (became less)
b) increased
(Output became less.)
10. Prices ______ slightly yesterday.
went down
a) went down (became lower)
b) jumped
(Prices became lower.)
11. Revenue ______ in February.
dipped
a) dipped (went down a little)
b) skyrocketed
(Revenue went down a little.)
12. The exchange rate ______ this morning.
edged down
a) edged down (went down very slightly)
b) soared
(The rate went down very slightly.)
13. Demand ______ over several weeks.
crept down
a) crept down (slowly went down)
b) surged
(Demand slowly went down.)
14. Costs ______ after the negotiations.
inched down
a) inched down (went down by a very small amount)
b) spiked
(Costs went down by a very small amount.)
15. After the crisis, the company’s income ______.
halved
a) halved (became half as much)
b) doubled
(The company’s income became half as much.)