Fortgeschrittene Fachbegriffe im Versicherungswesen
Advanced Insurance & Reinsurance Terminology for Professionals
Auf Expertenebene – insbesondere in den Bereichen Rückversicherung (Reinsurance), Konsortialgeschäft (Coinsurance / Syndicates) und komplexe Unternehmensdeckungen – geht die Fachsprache weit über Grundbegriffe hinaus. Verhandlungssicherheit erfordert das Beherrschen von Fachausdrücken zu Risikostrukturen, Haftungsebenen und Bilanzierungsmethoden.
In diesem Modul vertiefen Sie Ihr Wissen über spezialisierte Termini wie Commutation, Run-off, Fronting, Subrogation und Excess of Loss.
| Spezialbegriff (Englisch) | Deutsche Entsprechung / Erklärung |
|---|---|
| Treaty Reinsurance | Obligatorische Rückversicherung (Vertrag über ganze Risikobestände). |
| Facultative Reinsurance | Fakultative Rückversicherung (Einzelfallprüfung für Einzelrisiken). |
| Run-off | Abwicklung / Stilllegung eines Versicherungsbestandes ohne Neugeschäft. |
| Commutation Agreement | Abfindungsvereinbarung zur vorzeitigen Ablösung zukünftiger Verpflichtungen. |
| Fronting | Fronting (Nutzung der Lizenz eines Erstversicherers für fremde Rechnung). |
| IBNR Reserves | Spät- / Spätschadenrückstellung (Incurred But Not Reported). |
❌ Treaty reinsurance is negotiated individually for every single policy.
✅ Facultative reinsurance is negotiated case-by-case. Treaty reinsurance covers a whole portfolio automatically.
❌ IBNR reserves cover claims that are already reported and settled.
✅ IBNR stands for "Incurred But Not Reported" (losses that have occurred but are not yet reported).
❌ A Run-off portfolio actively acquires new clients.
✅ Run-off refers to managing existing claims until expiry without writing new contracts.
Anleitung: Wählen Sie die passende Fachterminologie aus, um den Satz zu vervollständigen. Klicken Sie auf eine Option, um Ihr Ergebnis zu sehen.
Teil 1: Interaktive Praxisübungen zu fortgeschrittenen Fachbegriffen (25 Aufgaben)
1. An agreement where a reinsurer assumes a specified portfolio of risks automatically under contract is called ______ reinsurance.
treaty
2. Reinsurance negotiated individually for a single, specific high-value risk is known as ______ reinsurance.
facultative
3. The process of managing a discontinued insurance portfolio until all liabilities expire is known as a ______ operation.
run-off
4. A ______ agreement allows a insurer and reinsurer to settle all future claim obligations with a single lump-sum payment.
commutation
5. When a licensed insurer issues a policy on behalf of an unlicensed entity for a fee, this practice is called ______.
fronting
6. Reserves established for claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported to the insurer are called ______ reserves.
IBNR
7. In proportion-based reinsurance, the portion of risk passed from the primary insurer to the reinsurer is the ______ risk.
ceded
8. The amount of risk that a primary insurer keeps for its own financial account is its ______.
retention
9. An Excess of Loss contract where the reinsurer pays claims exceeding a specified threshold is a form of ______ reinsurance.
non-proportional
10. A captive insurer is an insurance company created specifically to insure the risks of its parent ______.
corporation
11. Legal replacement of one policyholder or party by another in a contract is known as ______.
novation
12. Unearned Premium Reserve (UPR) represents the portion of premiums collected for coverage that extends into the ______.
future
13. Quota Share reinsurance is a proportional structure where the reinsurer takes a fixed ______ of all premiums and losses.
percentage
14. The legal doctrine that prevents an insurer from re-asserting a right it previously waived is called ______.
estoppel
15. When two or more insurers share a large industrial risk directly with the policyholder, it is termed ______.
coinsurance
16. A Retrocession is a transaction where a reinsurer cedes part of its accepted risk to another ______.
reinsurer
17. Losses that take many years to manifest and settle, such as asbestos liabilities, are known as long-______ claims.
tail
18. In Lloyd's of London markets, individual capital providers who underwrite insurance risks are called ______.
Names
19. The Solvency II framework imposes strict capital adequacy requirements to ensure insurer ______.
solvency
20. A Cut-Through clause allows an insured to claim directly against the ______ if the primary insurer becomes insolvent.
reinsurer
21. Loss Adjustment Expenses (LAE) are costs incurred during the investigation and ______ of claims.
settlement
22. Surplus Line brokers place specialized risks in non-admitted markets when coverage is unavailable locally from ______ insurers.
admitted
23. An Aggregate Deductible sets a maximum cumulative threshold for all out-of-pocket expenses across a policy ______.
term
24. Parametric insurance pays out automatically based on predefined data triggers, such as earthquake ______.
magnitude
25. The Combined Ratio measures underwriting profitability; a ratio below 100% indicates an underwriting ______.
profit
Teil 2: Fachwissen zu Rückversicherung & Kapitalmarktstrukturen
Auf fortgeschrittenem Niveau sind vertiefte Kenntnisse über Strukturmodelle im weltweiten Rückversicherungs- und Konsortialmarkt unverzichtbar:
1. Rückversicherungsformen: Treaty vs. Facultative
In der Rückversicherung unterscheidet man zwei grundlegende Zugangsformen:
- Treaty Reinsurance: Ein pauschaler Rahmenvertrag. Der Rückversicherer übernimmt alle Risiken eines definierten Portfolios automatisch, die den Kriterien des Vertrags entsprechen.
- Facultative Reinsurance: Einzelfallprüfung. Jedes Groß- oder Spezialrisiko wird individuell vom Rückversicherer geprüft, bepreist und gezeichnet.
2. Rückstellungsarten: IBNR vs. UPR
Für die ordnungsgemäße Bilanzierung nach internationalen Rechnungslegungsstandards (IFRS 17 / US GAAP) sind zwei Rückstellungspositionen zentral:
- IBNR (Incurred But Not Reported): Schätzung für bereits eingetretene, aber dem Versicherer bis zum Bilanzstichtag noch nicht gemeldete Schäden.
- UPR (Unearned Premium Reserve): Abgrenzungselement für eingenommene Prämienanteile, deren Deckungszeitraum in die zukünftige Geschäftsperiode fällt.
Business Englisch Lernen — Fortgeschrittene Fachbegriffe & Rückversicherung