Movement That Is Not Up or Down
📘 Summary Table — Rare Earths & Where Europe Has Them
(Übersichtstabelle – Seltene Erden und ihre Vorkommen in Europa)
| Rare Earth (REE)(Seltenes Element) | Used in Heat Pumps for…(Verwendung in Wärmepumpen für…) | Main European Sources(Wichtige europäische Quellen) | Status(Status) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neodymium (Nd)(Neodym) | Motors, compressors(Motoren, Kompressoren) | Sweden (Kiruna), Norway (Fen), Finland (Sokli)(Schweden, Norwegen, Finnland) | Good potential(Gutes Potenzial) |
| Praseodymium (Pr)(Praseodym) | Motors(Motoren) | Same regions as Nd(Gleiche Regionen wie Nd) | Good potential(Gutes Potenzial) |
| Dysprosium (Dy)(Dysprosium) | High-temperature magnets(Hitzebeständige Magnete) | Sweden (Norra Kärr), Greenland(Schweden, Grönland) | Limited but present(Begrenzt, aber vorhanden) |
| Terbium (Tb)(Terbium) | Magnetic stability, sensors(Magnetische Stabilität, Sensoren) | Sweden (Norra Kärr), Greenland(Schweden, Grönland) | Limited(Begrenzt) |
| Gadolinium (Gd)(Gadolinium) | Magnetocaloric materials(Magnetokalorische Materialien) | Sweden (Kiruna)(Schweden) | Trace amounts(Spurenmengen) |
| Samarium (Sm)(Samarium) | High-temp magnets(Hochtemperatur-Magnete) | Norway / Finland(Norwegen / Finnland) | Moderate(Mittelmäßig) |
| Yttrium (Y)(Yttrium) | Electronics, coatings(Elektronik, Beschichtungen) | Sweden, Greece, Iberia(Schweden, Griechenland, Iberische Halbinsel) | Trace(Spuren) |
| Cerium (Ce)(Cerium) | Catalysts, glass polishing(Katalysatoren, Glaspolitur) | Common across Europe(Weit verbreitet in Europa) | Abundant(Reichlich vorhanden) |
| Lanthanum (La)(Lanthan) | Electronics, circuits(Elektronik, Schaltkreise) | Common across Europe(Weit verbreitet in Europa) | Abundant(Reichlich vorhanden) |
| Scandium (Sc)(Scandium) | Power electronics(Leistungselektronik) | Finland, Ukraine(Finnland, Ukraine) | Small, high-value(Gering, aber wertvoll) |
| Holmium, Erbium, Ytterbium (Ho, Er, Yb)(Holmium, Erbium, Ytterbium) | Sensors, optics(Sensoren, Optik) | Sweden (Norra Kärr)(Schweden) | Rare, research scale(Selten, Forschungsebene) |
Words to Describe Graphs – Movement That Is Not Up or Down
1. After a sharp rise, sales ______ in May.
levelled off
a) levelled off (became stable)
b) surged (rose quickly)
(Sales became stable.)
2. The market finally ______ after months of volatility.
stabilized
a) stabilized (became steady)
b) collapsed
(The market became steady.)
3. Growth ______ at 5% by the end of the quarter.
plateaued
a) plateaued (stayed at the same level)
b) skyrocketed
(Growth stayed at the same level.)
4. Throughout the year, prices ______.
remained steady
a) remained steady (did not change)
b) spiked
(Prices did not change.)
5. The interest rate ______ for six months.
stayed constant
a) stayed constant (did not move)
b) dipped
(The interest rate did not move.)
6. Production ______ despite supply problems.
held steady
a) held steady (remained stable)
b) collapsed
(Production remained stable.)
7. Energy prices ______ all winter.
fluctuated
a) fluctuated (moved up and down)
b) stabilized
(Energy prices moved up and down.)
8. Daily sales ______ from one day to the next.
varied
a) varied (changed often)
b) rose steadily
(Daily sales changed often.)
9. The curve ______ across the chart.
zigzagged
a) zigzagged (moved up and down sharply)
b) levelled off
(The curve moved up and down sharply.)
10. The exchange rate ______ throughout the month.
swung
a) swung (moved between highs and lows)
b) dropped sharply
(The rate moved between highs and lows.)
11. Cryptocurrency prices ______ again this week.
were volatile
a) were volatile (changed quickly and unpredictably)
b) stayed constant
(Prices changed quickly and unpredictably.)
12. After a weak start, sales slowly ______.
recovered
a) recovered (started improving again)
b) bottomed out
(Sales started improving again.)
13. Service quality ______ this year.
improved
a) improved (became better)
b) deteriorated
(Service became better.)
14. The economy ______ after the crisis.
bounced back
a) bounced back (recovered quickly)
b) collapsed
(The economy recovered quickly.)
15. Business activity ______ in the afternoon.
picked up
a) picked up (became stronger again)
b) sank
(Activity became stronger again.)
16. After years of losses, the company finally ______.
turned around
a) turned around (changed direction and improved)
b) skyrocketed
(The company changed direction and improved.)
17. Profits ______ in July.
peaked
a) peaked (reached their highest point)
b) declined
(Profits reached their highest point.)
18. Revenue ______ at €10 million last year.
reached a peak
a) reached a peak (hit the highest point)
b) fell to zero
(Revenue hit the highest point.)
19. The index ______ of 5,200 points.
hit a high
a) hit a high (reached its highest level)
b) dipped
(The index reached its highest level.)
20. The graph ______ in April before rising again.
reached a low
a) reached a low (hit the lowest point)
b) jumped
(The graph hit the lowest point.)
21. After months of decline, sales finally ______.
bottomed out
a) bottomed out (stopped falling)
b) surged
(Sales stopped falling and reached the lowest point.)